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''His Dark Materials'' is an epic trilogy of fantasy novels by Philip Pullman consisting of ''Northern Lights'' (1995, published as ''The Golden Compass'' in North America), ''The Subtle Knife'' (1997), and ''The Amber Spyglass'' (2000). It follows the coming of age of two children, Lyra Belacqua and Will Parry, as they wander through a series of parallel universes. The three novels have won a number of awards, most notably the 2001 Whitbread Book of the Year prize, won by ''The Amber Spyglass''. ''Northern Lights'' won the Carnegie Medal for children's fiction in the UK in 1995. The trilogy took third place in the BBC's Big Read poll in 2003. The fantasy elements include witches and armoured polar bears, but the trilogy also alludes to ideas from physics, philosophy and theology. The trilogy functions in part as a retelling and inversion of John Milton's epic ''Paradise Lost'',〔 with Pullman commending humanity for what Milton saw as its most tragic failing, original sin. The series has drawn criticism for its negative portrayal of Christianity and religion in general. Pullman's publishers have primarily marketed the series to young adults, but Pullman also intended to speak to both older children and adults.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Man Behind the Magic: An Interview with Philip Pullman )〕 North American printings of ''The Amber Spyglass'' have censored passages describing Lyra's incipient sexuality. Pullman has published two short stories related to ''His Dark Materials'': "Lyra and the Birds", which appears with accompanying illustrations in the small hardcover book ''Lyra's Oxford'' (2003), and ''Once Upon a Time in the North'' (2008). He on another, larger companion book to the series, ''The Book of Dust'', for several years. The National Theatre in London staged a major, two-part adaptation of the series in 2003–2004, and New Line Cinema released a film based on ''Northern Lights'', titled ''The Golden Compass'', in 2007. ==Settings== (詳細はmultiverse, moving between many parallel worlds. In ''Northern Lights'', the story takes place in a world with some similarities to our own; dress-style resembles that of the UK's Victorian era, and technology has not evolved to include automobiles or fixed-wing aircraft, while zeppelins feature as a notable mode of transport. The dominant religion has parallels with Christianity,〔Squires (2003: 61): "Religion in Lyra's world...has similarities to the Christianity of 'our own universe', but also crucial differences…() is based not in the Catholic centre of Rome, but in Geneva, Switzerland, where the centre of religious power, narrates Pullman, moved in the Middle Ages under the aegis of John Calvin."〕 and is at certain points in the series ''(especially in the later books)'' explicitly named so; while Adam and Eve are referenced in the text (particularly in ''The Subtle Knife'', in which Dust tells Mary Malone that Lyra Belacqua is a new Eve to whom she is to be the serpent), Jesus Christ is not. The Church ''(called the "Magisterium", the same name as the Catholic body)'' exerts a strong control over society and has some of the appearance and organisation of the Catholic Church, but one in which the centre of power had moved from Rome to Geneva, moved there by Pullman's fictional "Pope John Calvin" (Geneva was the home of the real, historical John Calvin).〔''Northern Lights'' p. 31: "Ever since Pope John Calvin had moved the seat of the papacy to Geneva...the Church's power over every aspect of life had been absolute.〕 In ''The Subtle Knife'', the story moves between the world of the first novel, our own world, and in another world, a city called Cittàgazze. In ''The Amber Spyglass'' the story crosses through an array of diverse worlds. At first glance, the universe of ''Northern Lights'' appears considerably behind that of our own world (resembling an industrial society between the late 19th century and the outbreak of the First World War), but in many fields it equals or surpasses ours. For instance, it emerges that Lyra's world has the same knowledge of particle physics, referred to as "experimental theology", that we do. In ''The Amber Spyglass'', discussion takes place about an advanced inter-dimensional weapon which, when aimed using a sample of the target's DNA, can track the target to any universe and disrupt the very fabric of space-time to form a bottomless abyss into nothing, forcing the target to suffer a fate far worse than normal death. Other advanced devices include the Intention Craft, which carries (amongst other things) an extremely potent energy-weapon, though this craft, first seen and used outside Lyra's universe, may originate in the work of engineers from other universes. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「His Dark Materials」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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